PSG has now won the season-opening cup on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side fired twice late to take a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying moments to force the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty victory.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.